Comparative analysis of consonant errors in 60 children with functional articulation disorder
60例儿童功能性构音障碍辅音错误情况对比分析

摘要

目的对比分析60例儿童功能性构音障碍辅音错误情况。方法 选择2020年12月-2021年12月到本院康复科门诊接受治疗的功能性构音障碍患儿60例，依据普通话音素发育进程及患儿年龄，将4-5岁患儿30例纳入对照组，将5-7岁患儿纳入实验组。运用图片命名法对患儿的语音进行评估，对其发音详细记录，而后开展组间的对比分析。结果 实验组患儿临床变化较为多样，其中包含：容易出现发音错误的辅音包含：/sh/、/k/、/g/、/c/、/t/、/l/、/q/、/x/、/z/、/f/、/d/、/h/、/j/、/s/、/m/、/r/、/p/、/b/。错误类型中依照发音部位分类，依次可分为：舌尖前音化、舌尖中音化、舌尖后音化、舌根音化、唇音化、唇齿音化、舌面音化；依照发音方式的不同，依次可分为：不送气化、送气化、塞化、擦化、塞擦音化。结论 儿童功能性构音障碍辅音错误中大多为替代。发音的难度对比之下，根据发音的部位进行划分，舌尖后音、舌根音以及舌尖前音更难；依照发音方式进行分类，其中送气音更难，舌尖前音与舌尖中音化作为比较常见的发音错误部位，塞音、不送气化作为发音错误的常见方式。语音矫正措施需重视年龄特点，使患儿可明确正确的发音方式与发音部位。

Abstract

Objective To analyze the consonant errors in 60 children with functional articulation disorder.
Methods a total of 60 children with functional dysarthria who received treatment in the rehabilitation Outpatient Depart- ment of our hospital from December 2020 to December 2021 were selected. According to the development of Putonghua phoneme and the age of the children, 30 children aged 4-5 years were included in the control group, and children aged 5-7 years were included in the experimental group. The phonology of the children was evaluated by using picture nomenclature, and their pronunciation was recorded in detail, and then comparative analysis was conducted between groups.
Results the experimental group with clinical changes more diverse, including: easy to appear the wrong pronunciation of consonants include: /sh/, /k/, /g/, /c/, /t/, /l/, /q/, /x/, /z/, /f/, /d/, /h/, /j/, /s/, /m/, /r/, /p/, /b/. The types of errors can be classified according to the articulation position, which can be divided into: pretip vocalization, tip midtip vocalization, tip posttip vocalization, root vocalization, labial vocalization, labiodental vocalization, lingual surface voca- lization; According to the different way of pronunciation, can be divided in turn: not aspirated, send gasification, plug, rub, fricative.
Conclusion   Most of the consonant errors in children with functional articulation disorder are substitution. The difficulty of articulation, by contrast, is more difficult according to the location of articulation, such as the back of the tongue, the root of the tongue and the front of the tongue; Among them, aspirated sounds are more difficult. Pretip- of-tongue and tip-of-tongue midconsonance are more common pronunciation errors, and stop-tongue and unaspirated sounds are more common pronunciation errors. Speech correction measures should pay attention to the characteristics of age, so that children can clarify the correct way of pronunciation and pronunciation position.