摘要
糖尿病酮症酸中毒（DKA）是1型糖尿病中胰岛素缺乏的最终结果。高水平的反调节激素导致生酮增强和“酮体”释放到循环中，它们解离释放氢离子并导致酸中毒。小儿DKA发病紧急，严重者甚至危及生命，需要快速识别和进行有组织的治疗。积极的护理可以帮助DKA患儿迅速脱离危险，加快患儿的康复，现就小儿DKA的临床表现、治疗目标、并发症的预防和护理工作进行总结，旨在对进一步促进小儿DKA的临床治疗提供理论依据。
关键词： 糖尿病酮症酸中毒；儿童；治疗；护理
Abstract
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the end result of insulin deficiency in type 1 diabetes. High levels of counter-regulatory hormones lead to enhanced ketogenesis and the release of "ketone bodies" into the circulation, which dissociate to release hydrogen ions and cause acidosis. Pediatric DKA has an urgent and even life-threatening onset and requires rapid recognition and organized treatment. Active nursing care can help children with DKA out of danger quickly and speed up their recovery. The clinical manifestations, treatment goals, prevention of complications and nursing care of pediatric DKA are summarized here to provide a theoretical basis for further promoting the clinical treatment of pediatric DKA.
Key words： Diabetic ketoacidosis; children; treatment; nursing
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