摘要
乳腺癌是中国社会妇女常见的恶性肿瘤之一[1]，在女性恶性肿瘤中占据第一位。目前乳腺癌诊治方法包括手术、放、化疗、内分泌及靶向治疗,而手术仍是最主要的治疗方式。乳腺癌术后易合并出血、皮下积液、皮瓣坏死、上肢肿胀，而皮下积液是最为常见的术后并发症，其发生率可达40%。皮下积液的形成加剧了患者的心理负担，并且影响伤口愈合，促使感染的风险升高，推延了术后放疗、化疗等综合治疗措施，因此降低乳腺癌皮下积液的发生率具有重要临床意义。目前对于乳腺癌术后皮下积液真正的病因并不明确，各个实验及研究缺乏共识，不同学者提出的证据相互矛盾，现将国内外相关文献做一综述，以此为临床工作提供借鉴。
关键词： 乳腺癌；皮下积液；研究进展
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in Chinese women [1], occupying the first place in female malignant tumors. At present, the methods of diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrine and targeted therapy, but surgery is still the most important treatment. Postoperative breast cancer is prone to hemorrhage, subcutaneous effusion, skin flap necrosis, upper limb swelling, and subcutaneous effusion is the most common postoperative complication, whose incidence can reach 40%. The formation of subcutaneous effusion aggravates the psychological burden of patients, affects wound healing, increases the risk of infection, and delays postoperative radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other comprehensive treatment measures. Therefore, reducing the incidence of subcutaneous effusion of breast cancer has important clinical significance. At present, the real etiology of subcutaneous effusion after breast cancer surgery is not clear, and there is a lack of consensus among various experiments and studies, and the evidence presented by different scholars is contradictory. Now, the relevant literature at home and abroad is reviewed to provide reference for clinical work.
Key words： Breast cancer; Subcutaneous fluid; Research progress
参考文献 References
[1] 陈万青,郑荣寿.中国女性乳腺癌发病死亡和生存状况[J].中国肿瘤临床,2015,42(13):668-674.
[2] Jacek Zieliński 1 , Radostaw Jaworski 2 , Ninela Irga3 , Janusz Wiestaw Kruszewski 4 , Janusz Jaskiewicz1. Analysis of selected factors influencing Seroma formation in breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy[J]. Archives of Medical Science Ams, 2013, 9:86-92.
[3] 王一闽,卢晓,陈婷,等. 乳腺癌合并高血压糖尿病术后皮下积液的预防及护理效果分析[J]. 心血管病防治知识,2020,10(9):83-85.
[4] 甫拉提•吾瓦力汉,杨亮,李涌涛,等. 乳腺癌术后皮下积液的多因素分析及治疗体会[J]. 新疆医科大学学报,2011,34 (10): 1118-1120,1124.
[5] 张丹丹,耿晓莉,王欣然. 体验式健康教育对乳腺癌患者术后患肢功能锻炼依从性和生活质量的影响[J]. 中国病案,2020,21(8):89-92.
[6] 赵培,郭员志,张一帆,等. 改良多头腋胸带改善乳腺癌病人术后皮下积液的效果[J]. 护理研究,2020,34(10): 1841 -1843.
[7] 李敏,耿晓莉. 压力传感器在乳腺癌改良根治术后皮下积液预防中的应用效果观察[J]. 护理研究,2019,33(13): 2356-2358.
[8] 陈军. 乳腺癌根治术预埋双管负压引流管预防术后皮瓣坏死积液的效果观察[J]. 中国当代医药,2018,25(29): 58-60.
[9] 张勇. 乳腺癌改良根治术拔除引流管后皮下积液的临床研究[J]. 青岛医药卫生,2012,44(1):36-37.
[10] 严梅. 肩关节功能锻炼对乳腺癌改良根治术后皮下积液的影响[J]. 当代护士（学术版）,2013(8):68-70.
[11] 邢影,赵洁,王园,等. 早期护理干预对乳腺癌根治术后不良反应预防效果观察[J]. 四川医学,2019,40(11):1176 -1178.
[12] 马慧. 认知行为护理干预对乳腺癌手术患者的护理效果观察[J]. 中外女性健康研究,2023(6):167-169.
[13] 韩玉,马慧,杨杨. 围手术期快速康复外科管理对乳腺癌患者术后恢复及并发症发生情况的影响[J]. 癌症进展, 2021(10).
[14] 王园园. 快速康复护理促进乳腺癌改良根治术患者术后患肢功能恢复的 效果观察[J]. 家庭医药,2017(11).
[15] 方宇,胡一惠,金璐,等. 弹力胸带不同包扎方法对乳腺癌患者术后皮下积液的影响[J]. 当代护士（下旬刊）,2019,26 (10): 55-57.