Nursing experience of a breast cancer patient during treatment
一例乳腺癌患者治疗期间的护理体会

摘要

乳腺癌是女性人群癌症相关死亡的主要原因。调节肿瘤发生和进展的分子机制的复杂性决定了乳腺癌的异质性。乳腺癌的诊断和治疗正在经历从一刀切的方法到个性化医疗时代的模式转变。复杂的诊断，包括分子成像和基因组表达谱，可以改善肿瘤特征。对近几十年来乳腺癌发病率和死亡率趋势变化的原因进行分析，为乳腺筛查的作用、辅助治疗的常规应用以及危险因素的变化提供了重要的启示。目前，针对乳腺癌多以药物化疗、手术切除治疗放射治疗为主，辅以靶向、免疫、内分泌治疗；但由于患者对乳腺癌疾病知识不了解，对疾病存在恐惧、焦虑、抑郁等负面情绪，结合患者本身病情，治疗配合度比较低，因此，需要重视乳腺癌患者护理。

Abstract

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. The complexity of molecular mechanisms regulating tumorigenesis and progression determines the heterogeneity of breast cancer. The diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer is undergoing a paradigm shift from a one-size-fits-all approach to the era of personalized medicine. Sophisticated diagnostics, including molecular imaging and genomic expression profiling, can improve tumor characteristics. Analysis of the causes of changes in breast cancer incidence and mortality trends in recent decades provides important implications for the role of breast screening, routine use of adjuvant therapy, and changes in risk factors. At present, the main treatment for breast cancer is drug chemotherapy, surgical resection and radiation therapy, supplemented by targeted, immune and endocrine therapy. However, because patients do not understand the knowledge of breast cancer disease, there are negative emotions such as fear, anxiety and depression. Combined with the patient's own condition, treatment cooperation is relatively low. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the care of breast cancer patients.