Instructional design and practice of a new method of periumbilical subcutaneous injection of anticoagulants
新型抗凝剂脐周皮下注射方法的教学设计与实践

摘要

目的 探讨新型抗凝剂脐周皮下注射方法的教学设计。方法 设计新型抗凝剂脐周皮下注射方法的教学方案，采用计算机随机分组方法，将40名护生分为两组，对照组20名护生由非研究组教师口头讲解、模拟示范。护生先独立操作后进行考核。实验组20名护生由研究组教师对护生进行理论教学+实践指导，考核合格后独立为患者注射。比较二组护生理论及实践考核成绩，二组患者皮下注射不良反应发生率。结果 二组护生皮下注射知识考核分数比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2值=4.84、4.54、5.19、4.39，P＜0.05）；皮下注射操作考核分数比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2值=4.50、3.95、9.99，P＜0.05或0.01）；二组患者皮下注射不良反应发生情况比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2值=36.18、4.93、5.24、12.14、54.42，P＜0.05或0.01）。结论 新型抗凝剂脐周皮下注射前需要对护生进行规范培训，正确掌握皮下注射理论及实践知识是降低不良反应的关键。

Abstract

Objective To explore the teaching design of the new anticoagulant periumbilical subcutaneous injection method.
Methods A teaching program for the new anticoagulant periumbilical subcutaneous injection method was designed. Forty nursing students were divided into two groups using a computerized random grouping method. The control group, consisting of 20 nursing students, received oral lectures and simulations conducted by non-research group teachers. Initially, nursing students operated independently and were subsequently assessed. The experimental group, also comprising 20 nursing students, received theoretical instruction and practical guidance from the research group teachers before independently administering injections to patients after passing an examination. The theoretical and practical assessment results of both groups of nursing students were compared, along with the incidence of adverse reactions from subcutaneous injections in the two groups of patients.
Results The comparison of knowledge assessment scores regarding hypodermic injection between the two groups of nursing students showed a statistically significant difference (χ² values = 4.84, 4.54, 5.19, 4.39, P< 0.05). The assessment scores for hypodermic injection operations also revealed a statistically significant difference (χ² values = 4.50, 3.95, 9.99, P < 0.05 or 0.01). Additionally, the incidence of adverse reactions from hypodermic injections in the two groups of patients demonstrated a statistically significant difference (χ² values = 36.18, 4.93, 5.24, 12.14, 54.42, P < 0.05 or 0.01).
Conclusion   Standardized training is essential for nursing students before administering the new anticoagulant periumbilical subcutaneous injection. A solid understanding of both the theory and practice of subcutaneous injection is crucial for reducing adverse reactions.