Effect of dietary model on nutrition education in elderly patients with tuberculosis
应用膳食模型强化营养教育对老年结核患者的影响

摘要

目的 探讨应用膳食模型强化营养教育对老年结核患者营养状况及遵医行为的影响。方法 选取2023年1月-2024年6月收治于我院的老年结核患者100例。采用数字表法随机分组,分成对照组与观察组,两组各50例;对照组进行常规的营养教育,观察组是在对照组实施的护理基础上应用膳食模型进行强化营养教育;分别将两组的营养状况[血红蛋白(HB)、白蛋白(ALB)、体质量指数 (BMI)]及遵医行为（遵医嘱进食、遵医嘱用药、戒烟戒酒、合理休息、适当运动、定期复查）进行对比。结果 干预后,两组的营养状况[血红蛋白(HB)、白蛋白(ALB)]高于干预前的评分,且观察组高于对照组（P＜0.05）。干预后，观察组的遵医行为每项遵从率高于对照组。结论 采用膳食模型强化营养教育能够改善患者的营养状况,提高患者的遵医行为，利于疾病的康复。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the effects of dietary model nutrition education on nutritional status and compliance behavior of elderly patients with tuberculosis.
Methods A total of 100 elderly tuberculosis patients admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to June 2024 were selected. They were randomly divided into control group and observation group with 50 cases in each group. The control group received routine nutrition education, and the observation group received intensive nutrition education based on the nursing of the control group. Nutritional status (hemoglobin (HB), albumin (ALB), body mass index (BMI)) and medical compliance behavior (eating according to medical advice, taking medication according to medical advice, quitting smoking and drinking, reasonable rest, proper exercise, regular review) of the two groups were compared respectively.
Results After intervention, the nutritional status (hemoglobin (HB), albumin (ALB)) of the two groups was higher than that before intervention, and the observation group was higher than the control group (P < 0.05). After intervention, the compliance rate of each item of compliance behavior in the observation group was higher than that in the control group.
Conclusion   The use of dietary model to strengthen nutrition education can improve the nutritional status of patients, improve the compliance behavior of patients, and facilitate the rehabilitation of diseases.