Analysis of the current status of venous blood collection in children with autism spectrum disorders
孤独症谱系障碍儿童静脉采血现况分析

摘要

目的 本研究对孤独症谱系障碍（简称孤独症）儿童的静脉采血情况进行现况调查，了解孤独症儿童在静脉采血方面所需面对的挑战与困难，为这类患儿提供针对性采血护理提供依据。方法 选择我院2024年2月1日~2024年9月1日行为发育科门诊采血室静脉采血儿童122例作为研究对象，采用便利抽样方法分为ASD组（65例，孤独症儿童）和对照组（57例，健康体检儿童），采血计时从核对采血管开始，拔针结束。采用Frankl治疗依从性评分评估儿童在静脉采血过程中依从性进行评分，同时记录两组儿童的静脉采血耗时，几针完成静脉采血，导致重新穿刺的原因。结果 ASD组儿童一次性采血成功率仅有70.77%，ASD组儿童耗时（4.69±2.95）min与对照组（3.56±1.54）min相比较平均多1min。ASD组儿童的采血依从性（2.85±0.89）分与对照组（3.25±0.74）分比较，儿童静脉采血依从性低，ASD组儿童需要（3.03±2.66）个家属固定儿童，协助静脉采血。P<0.05，具有统计学差异。结论 孤独症儿童表现更严重的静脉采血恐惧感，他们在配合静脉采血中存在一定的困难，导致孤独症儿童无法乖巧地配合静脉采血，临床医护人员需要探索如何有效地提高孤独症儿童的采血依从性，减少辅助人员固定儿童，从而提高儿童的采血体验感，提高一次性穿刺成功率。

Abstract

Objective The present study was conducted to investigate the status of venous blood collection in children with autism spectrum disorders, to understand the challenges and difficulties faced by children with autism spectrum disorders in venous blood collection, and to provide a basis for providing targeted blood collection care for these children.
Methods We selected 122 cases of children undergoing venous blood collection in the outpatient blood collection room of our hospital from February 1, 2024 to September 1, 2024 as the study subjects, and divided them into the observation group (65 cases, children with autism spectrum disorders) and the control group (57 cases, non-autism spectrum disorders) by using the convenience sampling method, and the timing of blood collection started from checking the blood vessels, and ended with the removal of needles.
Results The success rate of one-time blood collection in the observation group was only 70.77%, and the time consumed by the children in the observation group was (4.69±2.95) min compared with that of the control group (3.56±1.54) min on average, which was 1 min more. The adherence to blood collection of the children in the observation group (2.85±0.89) scored compared with that in the control group (3.25±0.74) scored, which showed that the children's compliance with venous blood collection was low, and that children in the observation group needed (3.03±1.54) min to complete blood collection, and that children in the observation group required (3.03±0.84) min for venous collection. Children in the group required (3.03±2.66) family members to immobilize the children and assist in venous blood collection. p<0.05, statistically different. Conclutions Children with autism spectrum disorder show more serious fear of venous blood collection, and they have certain difficulties in cooperating with venous blood collection, which leads to children with autism spectrum disorder can not cooperate with venous blood collection in a well-behaved way, clinical health care personnel need to explore how to effectively improve the compliance of children with autism spectrum disorder in blood collection, and reduce the number of auxiliary personnel to immobilize the children, so as to improve the experience of children's blood collection.