Analysis of the current status of perceived professional benefits and its correlation with psychological capital and mental health among nurses in maternal and children hospital
妇幼医院护士职业获益感现况及其心理资本、心理健康的相关性分析

摘要

目的 通过横断面调查了解妇幼医院护士职业获益感、心理资本和心理健康现状，为改善护士的职业状态提供参考依据。方法 2023年1-6月，便利抽样法选取广州市妇女儿童中心 358 名护士作为研究对象，采用一般资料调查表、职业获益感应表、心理资本量表、抑郁症、焦虑症量表等对护士进行调查。结果 共有358名护士纳入本研究，其职业获益感总分为（130.03±19.88）分、心理资本总分为（89.50±16.99）分、焦虑总分为（6.44±4.52）分、抑郁总分为（7.05±5.00）分。妇女儿童医院护士不同年龄、婚姻状况、编制状况、护理年龄等，其职业获益感分数的高低(均P<0.05)是有统计学意义的。皮尔森相关性分析显示，该群体护士职业获益感总分与心理资本、抑郁和焦虑的总分相关系数分别为0.775、-0.398、-0.447（均P＜0.05）。多元渐进式回归分析揭示，心理资本是护士职业获益感的主要影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论 护士的职业获益感与心理资本呈现明显的正相关关系，而与抑郁、焦虑的程度则呈现明显的负相关关系，提示护理管理者应将注意力集中在护士的心理和情绪上，通过心理资本的提升来提高其职业获益感，从而减少抑郁、焦虑的发生，从而提高护理团队的整体心理健康水平。

Abstract

Objective Through cross-sectional surveys, the current status of job satisfaction, psychological capital, and mental health of nurses at the Guangzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital was investigated, providing reference for improving the nurses' professional status.
Methods From January to June 2023, 358 nurses from Guangzhou Women and Children Center were selected as the research objects by convenient sampling method, and the nurses were investigated by general data questionnaire, career benefit sensing questionnaire, psychological capital scale, depression and anxiety scale.
Results The total score of the Professional Benefit Perception Scale for the 358 nurses was (130.03±19.88), the total score of the Psychological Capital Scale was (89.50±16.99), the total Generalized Anxiety Disorder score was (6.44±4.52), and the total Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score was (7.05±5.00). There were statistically significant differences in professional benefit perception scores among nurses with different ages, marital statuses, employment statuses, and years of service (P<0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the total score of nurses' job satisfaction was significantly correlated with the total score of psychological capital (r=0.775, P<0.05), depression (r=-0.398, P<0.05), and anxiety (r=-0.447, P<0.05).Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that psychological capital was the main factor affecting nurses' sense of professional benefit (P < 0.05).
Conclusion   The findings suggest that nurses’ perceived professional benefits is significantly positively correlated with psychological capital and significantly negatively correlated with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Nursing managers should pay attention to the nurse's psychology and emotions by enhancing psychological capital, improving their perceived professional benefits, reducing the occurrence of depressive symptoms and anxiety, and ultimately improving the overall mental health of the nursing team.