The effect of mechanical assisted sputum excretion on the nursing of patients with rib fractures to prevent pulmonary infection
机械辅助排痰对预防肋骨骨折患者肺部感染的护理效果分析

摘要

目的 探讨机械辅助排痰在预防肋骨骨折患者肺部感染中的护理应用效果，为临床护理方案优化提供依据。方法 选取2023年4月-2025年4月我院胸外科收治的76例肋骨骨折患者，按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组，各38例。对照组采用常规排痰护理，观察组在常规护理基础上加用机械辅助排痰。对比两组排痰效果、肺功能指标、肺部感染发生率及住院相关指标。结果 观察组治疗1周内日均排痰量多于对照组，排痰困难评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。护理后观察组用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV₁）及血氧饱和度（SpO₂）均高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组肺部感染发生率低于对照组，住院时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组护理满意度（94.74%）高于对照组（78.95%）（P<0.05）。结论 机械辅助排痰可有效提升肋骨骨折患者排痰效果，改善肺功能，降低肺部感染风险，缩短住院时间，提高护理满意度，值得临床推广。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the effect of mechanical assisted sputum excretion in the nursing of patients with rib fractures to prevent pulmonary infection, and to provide a basis the optimization of clinical nursing schemes.
Methods A total of 76 patients with rib fractures admitted to the Department of Thoracic Surgery of our hospital from April 223 to April 2025 were selected and divided into control group and observation group according to the randomized numerical table method, with 38 cases in each group. control group was treated with routine sputum nursing, and the observation group was treated with mechanical assisted sputum excretion on the basis of routine nursing. The sput excretion effect, pulmonary function index, incidence of pulmonary infection and hospital-related indicators of the two groups were compared.
Results The average daily sputum exion volume of the observation group was more than that of the control group within 1 week of treatment, and the sputum excretion difficulty score was significantly lower than that the control group (P < 0.05). After nursing, FVC, FEV₁ and SpO₂ of the observation group were higher than those of the group (P < 0.05). The incidence of pulmonary infection in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the hospital stay was shorter that in the control group (P < 0.05). The satisfaction rate of nursing in the observation group (94.74%) was higher than that in control group (78.95%) (P < 0.05).
Conclusion   Mechanical assisted sputum excretion can effectively improve the sput excretion effect of patients with rib fractures, improve pulmonary function, reduce the risk of pulmonary infection, shorten the hospital stay, and improve the satisfaction rate of nursing which is worth promoting in the clinic.