摘要
老年性骨质疏松髋部骨折是老年人群体中常发生的严重骨科疾病，骨折后的高致残率、死亡率以及较高的护理需求是临床护理工作的重点和难点。近些年，随着加速康复外科（ERAS）、知信行模式、Caprini 风险评估模型等先进理念和工具在护理工作中的运用，该类患者的护理模式也向着个性化、针对性、多维度的方向转变。本文结合近几年国内外相关研究成果重点分析基于ERAS理念的集束化护理对术后谵妄的防控效果、Caprini模型指导下的血栓风险分级护理等新兴护理措施对患者长期康复的影响，旨在总结临床护理经验，发挥护理工作优势，推进骨折愈合，进一步提高老年患者的肢体功能的自我效能，为临床护理实践提供参考。
关键词： 老年性骨质疏松；髋部骨折；临床护理；加速康复外科；Caprini风险评估模型
Abstract
Aging-related osteoporotic hip fractures represent a prevalent and severe orthopedic condition among the elderly population. The high disability rates, mortality rates, and substantial nursing demands following fractures pose critical challenges in clinical care. In recent years, with the adoption of advanced concepts and tools such as Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS), the Know-Do-Do model, and the Caprini risk assessment framework, patient care has evolved toward personalized, targeted, and multidimensional approaches. This study synthesizes domestic and international research findings to analyze the efficacy of ERAS-based cluster nursing in preventing postoperative delirium, and evaluates the impact of emerging nursing interventions like Caprini-guided thrombosis risk stratification on long-term rehabilitation. The research aims to summarize clinical nursing experiences, leverage nursing expertise, promote fracture healing, enhance elderly patients' self-efficacy in limb function recovery, and provide actionable insights for clinical practice.
Key words： Senile osteoporosis; Hip fracture; Clinical nursing; Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS); Caprini risk assessment model
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