摘要
动脉硬化闭塞症(Arteriosclerotic Occlusive Disease, ASO)是因动脉粥样硬化导致血管管腔狭窄或闭塞,引发下肢远端组织缺血缺氧的外周血管疾病,严重影响患者生活质量,甚至可能导致截肢等严重不良结局。手术治疗是ASO的主要治疗手段,旨在重建下肢血运,但术后下肢灌注不足仍是常见并发症,若未能及时识别与干预,易进展为急性缺血、肢体坏死等严重情况。本文系统梳理ASO术后下肢灌注不足的相关危险因素,总结早期识别的核心指标与方法,归纳当前主流的护理干预策略,分析现有研究存在的不足,并对未来研究方向进行展望,以期为临床护理实践提供参考,改善患者术后预后。
关键词: 动脉硬化闭塞症;术后护理;下肢灌注不足;早期识别
Abstract
Arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) is a peripheral vascular disease caused by atherosclerotic luminal stenosis or occlusion, leading to ischemia and hypoxia of distal lower extremity tissues., seriously affect the patient’s quality of life, and may even lead to amputation and other serious adverse outcomes. Surgical treatment is the main approach for ASO, aiming to restore blood circulation in the lower extremities. However, postoperative insufficient lower extremity perfusion remains a common complication. If not identified and intervened in time, it is prone to progress to severe conditions such as acute ischemia and limb necrosis. This article systematically reviews the related risk factors of insufficient lower extremity perfusion after ASO, summarizes the core indicators and methods for early identification, generalizes the current mainstream nursing intervention strategies, analyzes the deficiencies of existing research, and looks forward to future research directions, with the aim of providing references for clinical nursing practice and improving the postoperative prognosis of patients.
Key words: Arteriosclerosis obliterans; Postoperative care; Insufficient lower extremity perfusion; Early identification
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