摘要
脓毒性休克作为重症监护室（Intensive Care Unit, ICU）患者常见的急危重症，其引发的ICU获得性衰弱（Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness, ICU-AW）已成为影响患者预后的关键因素。ICU-AW以肌肉质量快速丢失、肌力下降为核心特征，不仅延长机械通气时间与住院周期，还显著降低患者远期生活质量。本综述系统梳理了脓毒性休克与ICU-AW的病理关联机制，明确ICU-AW的流行病学特征与诊断评估体系，重点阐述预防性康复护理策略（早期运动干预、营养支持、多学科协作）的临床应用价值，并探讨先进康复设备、数字化监测技术在个性化康复方案中的整合应用。同时，通过分析康复护理对患者功能恢复、衰弱发生率及生活质量的影响，提出未来研究应聚焦新型康复模式探索、长期随访机制构建及潜在治疗靶点挖掘，为临床实践提供循证依据与创新方向。
关键词： 脓毒性休克；获得性衰弱；个性化康复；预防性康复护理；治疗靶点
Abstract
Septic shock is a common acute and critical illness in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) has become a key factor affecting patient prognosis. ICU-AW is characterized by rapid muscle loss and decreased muscle strength, which not only prolongs mechanical ventilation time and hospital stay but also significantly reduces patients' long-term quality of life. This review systematically reviews the pathological association mechanism between septic shock and ICU-AW, clarifies the epidemiological characteristics and diagnostic assessment system of ICU-AW, focuses on the clinical application value of preventive rehabilitation nursing strategies (early exercise intervention, nutritional support, and multidisciplinary collaboration), and explores the integrated application of advanced rehabilitation equipment and digital monitoring technology in personalized rehabilitation programs. Meanwhile, by analyzing the impact of rehabilitation nursing on patients' functional recovery, incidence of frailty, and quality of life, this study proposes that future research should focus on exploring new rehabilitation models, constructing long-term follow-up mechanisms, and identifying potential therapeutic targets, providing evidence-based support and innovative directions for clinical practice.
Key words： Septic shock; Acquired frailty; Personalized rehabilitation; Preventive rehabilitation nursing; Therapeutic targets
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