The effect of mechanical ventilation combined with respiratory tract humidification nursing on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and airway patency in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
机械通气联合呼吸道湿化护理对急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率及气道通畅度的影响

摘要

目的 探究机械通气联合呼吸道湿化护理对急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的护理效果。方法 对本院呼吸科2023年7月-2024年7月收治的60例急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者实施分层区组随机化分组法将其分成两组（两组各30例），对照组实施常规护理，观察组开展机械通气联合呼吸道湿化护理。观察指标包括呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）发生率（使用CDC定义标准评估）、气道通畅度（通过Mallampati气道分级评估）、焦虑水平（使用SAS量表评估）以及护理满意度（使用自制满意度问卷评估），并通过血氧饱和度（SpO2）和动脉血氧分压（PaO2）监测呼吸功能指标。使用SPSS 27.0进行统计学分析。结果 观察组的呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率、气道通畅度、焦虑评分低于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组的护理满意度、呼吸功能指标（血氧饱和度-以下简称SpO2、动脉血氧分压-以下简称PaO2）高于对照组（P＜0.05），差异具有统计学意义。结论 在机械通气基础上联合呼吸道湿化护理能很好的改善急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的呼吸功能，提高患者气道通畅程度，预防和减少呼吸机相关性肺炎风险的发生。

Abstract

Objective This study aimed to explore the nursing effect of mechanical ventilation combined with respiratory tract humidification nursing in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
Methods A total of 60 ARDS patients admitted to the Respiratory Department of our hospital from July 2023 to July 2024 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into two groups (30 cases in each group) using the stratified block randomization method. The control group received routine nursing care, while the observation group was given mechanical ventilation combined with respiratory tract humidification nursing. The nursing effects of the two groups were compared.
Results Compared with the control group, the observation group had a lower incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP), a better airway patency (lower score), and a lower anxiety score (all P < 0.05). In addition, the observation group showed higher nursing satisfaction and better respiratory function indicators, including Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂) and Arterial Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO₂) (all P < 0.05). All differences were statistically significant.
Conclusion   The combination of respiratory tract humidification nursing on the basis of mechanical ventilation can effectively improve the respiratory function of ARDS patients, enhance airway patency, and reduce the risk of VAP, which is worthy of clinical promotion.