摘要
目的 探索犬伤暴露后规范处置流程优化方案,分析其对于提高处置效率以及减少狂犬病发生率的作用。方法 选取2024年1月至2025年12月期间某三级甲等医院急诊科收治犬伤患者480例作为研究对象,采用前后对照研究方法,将2024年1月至2024年12月收治240例患者作为对照组(常规处置流程),2025年1月至2025年12月收治240例患者作为观察组(优化处置流程)。优化流程包括:设立犬伤专科门诊、制定标准伤口分级评价表、优化疫苗接种时间、完善跟踪随访制度、加强医护人员培训等措施。比较两组患者处置时间、伤口愈合情况、疫苗接种依从性、患者满意度及医疗费用等。结果 观察组患者平均处置时间比对照组明显减少(45.2±8.3 min vs 68.7±12.5 min,P<0.001),伤口感染率明显降低(2.5% vs 8.3%,P<0.01),疫苗全程接种率明显提高(96.7% vs 85.0%,P<0.001),患者满意度更高(9.2±0.6 vs 8.1±0.9,P<0.001),人均医疗费用较低(892±156元 vs 1048±203元,P<0.001)。两组均无狂犬病发病患者。结论 优化犬伤暴露后规范处置流程可以有效提高处置效率,改善治疗效果,提高患者依从性和满意度,有较好的临床应用价值和推广意义。
关键词: 犬伤暴露;规范处置;流程优化;狂犬病预防;效果评价
Abstract
Objective To explore an optimized standardized treatment procedure for dog bites and analyze its effect on improving treatment efficiency and reducing the incidence of rabies. Methods A total of 480 patients with dog bites admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary-level hospital from January 2024 to December 2025 were selected as the study subjects. A before-and-after control study was adopted, with 240 patients admitted from January 2024 to December 2024 as the control group (routine treatment procedure) and 240 patients admitted from January 2025 to December 2025 as the observation group (optimized treatment procedure). The optimized procedure included: establishing a specialized dog bite clinic, developing a standard wound grading and evaluation form, optimizing the vaccination time, improving the follow-up system, and strengthening the training of medical staff. Treatment time, wound healing, vaccination compliance, patient satisfaction, and medical costs were compared between the two groups. Results The average treatment time in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (45.2±8.3 min vs 68.7±12.5 min, P<0.001), the wound infection rate was significantly lower (2.5% vs 8.3%, P<0.01), the full vaccination rate was significantly higher (96.7% vs 85.0%, P<0.001), patient satisfaction was higher (9.2±0.6 vs 8.1±0.9, P<0.001), and the average medical cost per person was lower (892±156 yuan vs 1048±203 yuan, P<0.001). No rabies cases were observed in either group. Conclusion Optimizing the standardized treatment procedure after dog bite exposure can effectively improve treatment efficiency, treatment outcomes, patient compliance, and satisfaction, and has good clinical application value and promotion significance.
Key words: Dog bite exposure; Standardized treatment; Procedure optimization; Rabies prevention; Effect evaluation
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