摘要
目的 探讨护理实施早期呼吸训练对多发骨折患者肺部感染发生率的影响。方法 选取2025年1月至2025年12月我院收治的100例多发骨折患者，采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组，每组50例。对照组给予常规护理，观察组在常规护理基础上实施早期呼吸训练。比较两组肺部感染发生率、感染发生时间，干预前后呼吸功能[第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）、FEV1/FVC]、动脉血气（PaO2、PaCO2）指标及护理满意度。结果 观察组肺部感染发生率（6.00%）显著低于对照组（22.00%），感染发生时间显著晚于对照组（P<0.05）；干预后，观察组FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC及PaO2显著高于对照组，PaCO2显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；观察组护理满意度（96.00%）显著高于对照组（82.00%）（P<0.05）。结论 早期呼吸训练可降低多发骨折患者肺部感染发生率，改善呼吸功能及动脉血气状态，提高护理满意度，值得临床推广。
关键词： 多发骨折；早期呼吸训练；护理干预；肺部感染；呼吸功能
Abstract
Objective To explore the impact of early respiratory training implemented in nursing on the incidence of pulmonary infection in patients with multiple fractures. Methods From January 2025 to December 2025, 100 patients with multiple fractures admitted to our hospital were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group using the random number table method, with 50 cases in each group. The control group received routine care, while the observation group received early respiratory training in addition to routine care. The incidence of pulmonary infection, the time of infection occurrence, respiratory function indicators [Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC], arterial blood gas (PaO2, PaCO2) indices, and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of pulmonary infection in the observation group (6.00%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (22.00%), and the time of infection occurrence was significantly later in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05); after the intervention, the FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, and PaO2 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and PaCO2 was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05); the nursing satisfaction of the observation group (96.00%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (82.00%) (P<0.05). Conclusion Early respiratory training can reduce the incidence of pulmonary infection in patients with multiple fractures, improve respiratory function and arterial blood gas status, and increase nursing satisfaction. It is worthy of clinical promotion.
Key words： Multiple fractures; Early respiratory training; Nursing intervention; Pulmonary infection; Respiratory function
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